Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae

Status. Category I (CR). Critically endangered species.

Importance for gene pool preservation. In Turkmenistan, the subspecies M. c. buechneri Baryshnikov, 2000 is found. The Turkmen population is of vital importance for the gene pool of both Turkmenistan and Central Asia.

Distribution. Found almost throughout Turkmenistan. Also occurs in Kazakhstan, Karakalpakstan, and Western Asia.

Habitat. Varied terrain: hills, plains, mudflow areas, large depressions, foothills, and river valleys.

Population and trends. The species was not considered rare in the mid-20th century, but later became classified as rare. Between 2013 and 2021, individual specimens were observed in Sarykamysh, Atabayshor, and Gaplangyr uplands, as well as in Bereketli Garagum State Nature Reserve. Also recorded in Western Kopetdag. The current estimated total population in the country is under 50 individuals.

Biological characteristics. A secretive, semi-nomadic species, active mainly at dusk and night. It does not hibernate in winter. During the mating season, they form pairs. It digs deep burrows or occupies natural shelters, occasionally using burrows of other animals. The breeding season is irregular; gestation lasts 7 months, producing 1–2 offspring per litter. Can travel up to 15 km in search of food.

Breeding. Easily tamed.

Conservation actions. Listed in the IUCN Red List (NT, criterion C2). Included in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan since 1985. Protected in the Bereketli Garagum, Gaplangyr, Syunt-Hasardag, and Badkhyz State Nature Reserves. Listed in CITES Appendix III.

Recommended conservation measures. Promote awareness and education. Establish the proposed Zengibaba Sanctuary.

Research proposals. Collect new data on the species' distribution and population.