Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) — Vulnerable Species Protected in Turkmenistan
The Peregrine Falcon, listed as Category III (VU), is a vulnerable species and a valuable part of Turkmenistan’s natural heritage. Two subspecies, F.p. calidus and F.p. brookei, are found within Turkmenistan and require conservation efforts.

Distribution and Habitat:
Main nesting areas include Central Kopetdag and Koytendag mountain ranges, lower reaches of the Etrek River, the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, and river valleys. The species prefers open landscapes and sites where waterfowl gather.

Population and Trends:
In recent decades, the population has declined due to illegal capture and disturbance. The subspecies F.p. brookei is estimated to number about 25-30 nesting pairs in Turkmenistan.

Biology:
The Peregrine Falcon nests in March, with eggs hatching by late April. It is a migratory bird; spring migration occurs in March, and in autumn the species arrives in the second half of October, remaining until the end of March. Its diet includes pigeons, ducks, small passerines, rails, and gulls.

Conservation and Research:
The species is listed in the Turkmen Red Book and international conservation lists (IUCN, CITES). Nesting and wintering sites are protected within the Hazar and Amudarya State Nature Reserves. Strengthened protection, monitoring, and public awareness are necessary for its continued preservation.